(SQL Dev for VSCode 23.4.1; VSCode 1.86.2; Windows 11)
1/ the "+" button on the Terminal tab appears to be broken: all I get when I click on it is yet another powershell prompt.

Reason: unknown—I couldn't spot any error message anywhere.
And:
2/ Both “Run in SQLcl (Ctrl+Shift+Enter)” in a SQL worksheet, and the context menu entry “Open SQLcl” (over a connection in the connection tree) fail if the connection uses a TNS entry.
Reason: the TNS_ADMIN directory configured in settings is not passed to the SQLcl child process; therefore, SQLcl fails to open the connection.
Workaround: set the TNS_ADMIN variable in the environment prior to starting VSCode; the spawned SQLcl process will inherit it, and connect successfully.
(Too bad the same trick doesn't work with SQLPATH… But I digress.)
Regards,