I do get strange characters in the error message under specific circumstances. The screenshot below shows an example of two empty values for the same column, where the error is displayed in a correct manner once and once with unexpected characters in it.

It is reproducable on apex.oracle.com, which runs v23.1.3 currently.
Steps to reproduce the error:
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Create an editable Interactive Grid on a page
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Make sure there is at least one editable column with value required
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Set the “Alternative Label” property of that required column (header section), but make sure to add a special character.
- In the screenshot above, a quote is added (Customer's and Name's) to illustrate the issue
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Create a button on the page with action Submit Page
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Run the page
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Switch IG to edit mode
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Navigate to the first record (doesn't have to be the first one in the grid)
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Navigate to the required column with the alternative label set
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Remove the value in that column, so it becomes empty
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Press the Submit Page button on the page (not the IG save button)
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Error is displayed in a correct manner
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Navigate to another record, without fixing the previous error
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Remove another value in that same column
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You have now created two or more errors (required values are empty)
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Press the Submit Page button on the page
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The error is now displayed with, one or multiple times, the quote as a charactercode
Not a high-priority bug in my opinion, but it is confusing to the user, so hopefully it can be fixed in a future patch.
Thank you!