We applied this to 2 live 12.1.0.2 databases over the weekend.
None of our test databases are in archive log mode, so this error had not been encountered for those.
Since then our online backups, which include a step to automatically deleted archive logs that have been backed up and are more than 10 days old, have been failing with this error.
According to Oracle support this is due to bug 28432129
We are on Windows 2012 R2 and it seems the patch for this bug is not yet available.
I'm surprised that I haven't seen any reports of this on these forums, but also that Oracle didn't release an advisory for this.
EDIT: Unsuccessfully attempted to remove the failing link to the bug.