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ODP.NET Managed 23.7.0 – Fails with ORA-00542 on TCPS (but SQL*Plus works fine)

I am running into persistent ORA-00542 handshake failures when connecting to AWS RDS (Oracle) using Oracle.ManagedDataAccess 23.7.0 with TCPS.

TLS handshake completes (verified via trace and NetMon)
SQL*Plus and SQL Developer can connect using same wallet and sqlnet.ora
Unmanaged ODP.NET driver works fine using TCPS
ODP.NET Managed fails with ORA-00542: SSL Handshake failed

Things I've tried:
Clean wallet with only RDS root/intermediate CAs
Dummy user cert (2048-bit and 4096 self-signed) → rejected by server
Disabling SSL_CLIENT_AUTHENTICATION
Explicit wallet path via sqlnet.ora and TNS_ADMIN
Multiple versions of sqlnet.ora (with and without checksum/encryption options)
Has anyone gotten ODP.NET Managed to work with password-only TCPS on RDS?
Is this a known limitation where the Managed driver always expects a valid user cert?

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Added on Apr 2 2025
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