Good afternoon,
Environment:
Windows 7 (x64)
JDK 1.8.0_25
Working SQl Developer: 4.0.0.12
Not-Working SQL Developer: 4.1.0.17.29 (also 4.0.1.14, 4.0.2.15, 4.0.3.16)
Old SQL Developer works just fine. When I try to test out the newer versions, I get a mostly blank Connection dialog box.

As you can see, I don't get the 'Oracle' tab, Nor do I get Connection type, Role, Hostname, Port, SID, Service name or Authentication Options that I see in 4.0.0.12.
Lastly, whenever I try starting up a new version, I've tried both migrating the old connections, and starting fresh, with no difference.
Thoughts?