Database Software

We have Oracle 11g running on Windows Server 2008. We recently had a catastrophic failure and after countless Oracle errors we finally just reinstalled Oracle and recreated the database.

Can anyone perhaps give me some basic in a nutshell information about backing up and restoring an Oracle database? It can be a cold backup, to a network or local directory. Yes I Googled this and went through FAQ, but there is so much of it and lot of it just gives syntax errors because it is for a different Oracle version etc. I finally put this together:

Start a command window and enter: RMAN
Enter this:

connect target;
shutdown immediate;
startup mount;
backup database;
sql 'alter database open';
exit;

(I have set or made no RMAN configuration settings, all default.)
(If the backup area is too small and you get errors, look into: ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE = 10G SCOPE=BOTH SID='*';)

Will this also back up the control files and log files and what have you?

When I installed Oracle, there was an option for automatic backup and recovery, related to "Backup Job" but I have been unable to find any information about this and whether it is running or not or how you would recover such a backup?

How do you get the database back again from a backup such as shown above?

I just need very basic basic explicit cold "this will backup your database and restore it" type information. Cold backup or lasing partial information is fine.