The railroad diagram in the current version of the 23c documentation looks like this (see https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/sqlrf/MERGE.html#GUID-5692CCB7-24D9-4C0E-81A7-A22436DC968F__GUID-31B8B415-828F-4E43-A05F-C4C247603F69) :
According to this diagram, the following statement should work:
merge into dept t
(values
(-10, 'utPLSQL', 'Winterthur')
) as s (deptno, dname, loc)
on (t.deptno = s.deptno)
when matched then
update set t.dname = s.dname
when not matched then
insert (t.deptno, t.dname, t.loc)
values (s.deptno, s.dname, s.loc);
but it throws an ORA-38107: Invalid syntax with MERGE without USING clause.
The statement works when adding the using keyword before the values_clause.
Furthermore, ON ( condition ) is required when using a table, view or a subquery as source. In other words the upper branch is also wrongly documented.
Please fix the documentation accordingly. Thank you.